Information System Management Case Study of Disk4U

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Army out of Vieques essays

Armed force out of Vieques articles Rafael Torres, a previous security watch at the U.S. Naval force base in Vieques, said he despite everything hears clamors in his mind. A sound like the contender stream that in 1995 heaved two concrete filled shots a couple of feet from where he was standing (ROSS A10). A day or two ago I was resting in my rocker, and I dove on the floor when I heard planes humming in my ears, said Torres (qtd in ROSS A10), 49, who has since resigned with an inability benefits in light of mental injury from the mishap. He said one bomb struck the three-story perception post he was guarding, slamming through the main two stories. The second landed feet from where he stood, regurgitating lumps of concrete. Torres didn't understand this at that point, yet this limited miss foreshadowed a substantially more genuine mishap (ROSS A10). Months after the fact on April 19,1999, one of Torres' associates, David Sanes Rodriguez was pulling obligation at a similar post when a Navy F-18 dumped two 5,000-pound bombs about 1.9 miles off kilter. Dissimilar to the latent practice bombs Torres experienced, these shots pressed lives explosives. Sanes was executed, and four other base workers were harmed. This occurrence has blended far reaching political restriction to the Navy's multi year authority over this Puerto Rican island-district. Presently, the pentagon is at risk for losing its chief maritime preparing office. The Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Facility in Vieques, which is decided by military examiners to be an imperative national security resource and the main site where the military can arrange coordinated ocean and air preparing (The Pentagon A32). Puerto Rico has been a United States an area for a long time, and for 61 of those years the U.S. naval force has utilized the Puerto Rican island of Vieques as a work on shelling range. US troops have prepared on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, since World War II. 70% (around 22,000 of 33,000 sections of land) of Vieques is constrained by the U.S. Naval force. ... <!

Easy College Essay Topics

Easy College Essay TopicsThere are many easy college essay topics that you can use in order to improve your grades. These easy topics are ones that you can include in your essays if you are not too afraid of writing an essay.The best easy college essay topics for both males and females are things such as simple math problems, vignettes and visual aids. These topics will help you write good essays because they make the essay easy to read. In fact, some even ask the essay topic that you can include in your essays.Another easy college essay topics are the scientific topics that involve basic mechanics, some algebra and some trigonometry. These topics are very easy to write and do not require a lot of research. If you are able to write these easy topics in an easy way, then it will be very easy for you to impress your professors and also your friends and relatives.When writing the papers, students' time is always limited and the need for writing can never be over. If you are able to writ e your essays in a fast way, then it will be a great help to your teachers. In fact, you can add easy college essay topics to your essays even though you are not confident about writing.Most of the easy college essay topics are already written by the teachers, so the students do not have to do much work to achieve better grades. Moreover, you can add your own idea to the topic so that you can make it different from the other papers that are written.The easy college essay topics can actually bring in more profit for the students if they are able to get the higher grades in exams. Most of the students who are writing the papers are not really interested in getting higher grades and just want to have the best grades possible in their academic career.You will be able to have better grades if you include easy college essay topics in your paper. Therefore, try to use this method of writing your papers to improve your grades.

Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory Of Personality Development...

Freudian psychoanalytic theory of personality development suggests that human behavior is because of the interactions among three main components of the human mind. The components include id, ego, and superego. The theory has great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts that help shape human behavior and personality. The development of personality depends on the conflicting interaction of the main components of the human mind. The conflicts arising and the desire to resolve the conflict determines our actions and approach to a variety of issues. The decision made regarding presenting conflicts determines how we resolve the conflicts arising from overarching behavioral tendencies including our biological drives and pleasure seeking motivations versus our socialized internal control over our desires. The id is the most primitive component of the brain. The id involves desires to fulfill our basic physical needs. The id takes control in the unconscious mind. The id is concerned with fulfilling individual physical demands without considering the reaction of others to our actions. The id s more self-centered and seeks to fulfill individual desires overruling the sense of rationality and appropriateness of the actions to others. The superego acts in the unconscious state but has considerations for social rules and morality. It encompasses moral compass and conscience about what is right and wrong. In a conflict of the id and the superego, the id is dominantShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Aging Or Mid Life Crisis863 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological changes occur in childhood. The author also noted that Freud also mentioned that all stages of the psychosexual development are also completed in early childhood (pp.69). Freud and Freud also had differences when it referred to coming of age (Weaver, 2009). Jung saw mid-life not as a crisis, but put the emphasis on growth and maturation (pp.70). Most of the clients that Freudians seen were experiencing neurosis, this put a different perspective on their adjustment to life, while Jung’s patientsRead MorePsychoanalytic Personality1151 Words   |  5 PagesPsychoanalytic Personality Shannon A. Colon Lampley University Of Phoenix PSY/150 September 23, 2015 Dr. P. Edvard Pharel Psychology goes back ages ago; the three major psychologists are Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. All have different theories, but some parts of their theories are similar. All theories have the same concept of how one self can identify their own personality. The information that will be given in the next paragraphs would show how old theories from theRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch that it interferes with daily activities such as school, job, and other social activities. The cause of GAD is unknown, however, there is evidence that biology, family background, and traumatic life experiences all contribute to its roots of development. Living with generalized anxiety disorder can be a long-term struggle. In many cases, it is accompanied by other anxiety or mood disorders. According to the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, GAD affects around 6.8 million adults and womenRead MoreHow Relevant Is Freud Today1559 Words   |  7 Pageswas arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation of personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma, and have been reflectedRead Morehumun being1420 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalytic Therapy Freud’s views continue to influence contemporary practice.Many of his basic concepts are still part of the foundation on which other theorists build and develop.Some extended the psychoanalytic model, others modified its concepts and procedures, and others emerged as a reaction against it. Freud initially shaped psychotherapy by calling attention to psychodynamic factors that motivate behavior, by focusing on the role of the unconscious, and by developingRead MorePsychological ( Freudian ) Theory Research Paper1442 Words   |  6 Pages Tabitha Notgrass Notgrass 1 Mrs. Almack AP English 1 October 2014 Psychological (Freudian) Theory Research Paper Sigmund Freud was a neurologist who became known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud is known for his numerous theories, such as Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality (Freudian Theory). In Freudian theory, the mind is structured into two parts: the unconscious and the conscious. The unconscious mind consists of all things that are outside of our awareness such asRead More Freudian Psychoanalysis and the Awakening1002 Words   |  5 Pages Freudian Psychoanalysis and the Awakening Sigmund Freud, the preeminent, 19th century, European neurologist and psychologist, designed a theory he labelled â€Å"psychoanalysis,† a theory which would transcend all borders and integrate itself deeply into many facets of society. In fact, an American named Kate Chopin, wrote a book entitled The Awakening, which was published at the turn of the 19th century, in which this theory played an integral role in expressing the complexity, relevance, andRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important inRead MorePsy/405 Klein vs. Erikson Debate Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to argue the applications of Melanie Klein’s Objection Relations Theory and Erik Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory in regards to their describing of individual personality characteristics along with interpersonal relations. Team Klein will begin the debate: Jessica - On the positive aspects of Klein’s object theory on individual personality characteristics is how an infant’s experience can shape their future personality. One is the object of the breast, which later perceives total controlRead MoreThe Surface Represents The Consciousness Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesmind, and an essential presumption of Freudian hypothesis which is the unconscious mind represents conduct to a more prominent degree than people had suspected. Certainly, the objective of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious. His psychoanalytic theory of personality challenges that human conduct is the after effect of the associations among three segment parts of the brain which are the Id, ego and superego. This â€Å"structural theory† of personality has a large significance on how disagreements

The Case Of Withdrawal Of Life Sustaining Medical...

1. ISSUES: Is it legal or/and ethical to withdraw life-sustaining medical treatments from terminally ill adult patient? Yes, the right of an adult patient in receiving or not receiving medical treatment under the legal and ethical standards requires the patient to provide informed consent. If the patient cannot provide informed consent, a legally authorized surrogate can make decision. The same legal and ethical standards apply for the terminally ill adult patient in the case of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. In other ways, medical ethics does not involve the life of patient to be preserved in all circumstances at all costs. 2. DISCUSSIONS Almost all states have statutes supporting the right of adult patients to refuse care and to provide directives about end-of-life care when patient unable to make decisions. The United States Supreme Court also has recognized that the constitution gives competent adults can refuse unwanted medical treatment (Koppel Sullivan, 2011). Uniform Right of the Terminally Ill Act of 1989 enacted the permission of an individual to execute a declaration that guides a healthcare provider (physician) to withdraw life-sustaining treatment when a patient is in terminally ill condition and unable to make decisions Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is not applicable without the approval of patient or surrogates. (Houghton Lombard, 1990). â€Å"Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 was enacted to ensure that patients are informed of theirShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Washington And The United States1068 Words   |  5 Pagesin this case along with the Attorney General. The Respondents are Wa shington medical physicians. The physicians in this case periodically treated patients that were terminally ill. The physicians claimed that they would provide assistance for the patients in ending their lives if it were not for Washington State’s ban on assisted suicides, Wash. Rev. Code  § 9A.26.060(1). The Respondents believed that Washington’s ban was unconstitutional. In 1993, the Respondent, three terminally ill patientsRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Carried Out On Sick Patients3828 Words   |  16 Pages Introduction The debate, on whether euthanasia should be carried out on sick patients in hospitals, and wether life supporting equipments should be withdrawn for such patients has continued to elicit debate. There are those who believe that all measures should be taken to ensure patients have been alleviated from pain. Proponents of euthanasia argue that patients in pain should not be left to continue suffering, and that doctors have a role to ensure they do everything possible to terminate theRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide: Is It Morally Permissible?1780 Words   |  8 Pagespermissible because a competent patient ultimately has the right to choose for themselves the course of their life, including how it will end. To lie in a hospital bed in a vegetative state, unable to see, think, speak, eat, being totally unaware of your surroundings or those of your loved ones nearby speaks loudly of the pain and suffering at all levels for a terminally ill patient. Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is ethically justifiable in certain cases, most often those cases involving unrelenting sufferingRead MorePhysician Assisted Death Should Be Legal1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto legalize PAD. Terminally ill patients, in consultation with their families, should have control over end of life medical decisions which is why Physician-Assisted Death should be legal. There are multiple ways to define Physician Assisted Death and a variety of terms that revolve around it. â€Å"The intentional termination of a life, which may be active (resulting from specific actions causing death) or passive (resulting from the refusal or withdrawal of life sustaining treatment) and voluntary (withRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? Another reason is that if you have a chronic illness, no means to a cure, and no medical help, what do you do? I believe if youRead MoreThe Nurse And The Physician1575 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of cons idering and selecting approaches to resolve ethical issues, when giving information about a â€Å"Do not resuscitate (DNR)† form to the husband of the patient in ICU (Zerwekh, 2013, p. 420). When the physician showed the husband the DNR form, it stated that the physician pointed out what they could do for the patient. In this case, it is perceived that the physician highlighted the parts of the DNR form that would coerce the husband into signing the form, while leaving out what the hospitalRead MoreEssay Physician-Assisted Suicide and Free Will2459 Words   |  10 Pagesoften support by the affirmation of patient free will or as the exercise of patient autonomy. The purpose of this paper is to examine this argument further from an inter-disciplinary approach, regarding PAS from medical, ethical and legal standpoints and to examine the concept of free will from the philosophical discipline. Are these concepts compatible in a meaningful context and can a sound argument be constructed to support PAS on the basis of patient free will? Derek Humphry, in LawfulRead More Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right To Choose Essay2607 Words   |  11 PagesShould it be the right of terminally ill patients to decide if they want to seek out physician assisted suicide to end their intolerable pain, or should it be up to the courts? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physician-assisted suicide occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s death by providing the necessary means and/or information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act (AMA).Each and every human being knows that there will come a time when his or her life will come to an end. WhenRead MoreLong Term Care-Hospice2974 Words   |  12 PagesCare -Hospice Hospice is a process to end-of-life care and a kind of support facility for terminally ill patients. It provides comforting care, patient-centered care and related services. Comforting care relieves discomfort without improving the patient’s condition or curing his illness. Hospice is extended in a healthcare facility or at home. Its objective is to provide compassionate, emotional, and spiritual care for the dying patient. The origin of the word â€Å"hospice† in medievalRead MoreDeath with Dignity Essay4339 Words   |  18 PagesASSIGNMENT FOR eTHICS IN HEALTHCARE | Death with Dignity | Choosing the End of Life | | Tamara Crosby | 9/4/2012 | Death with Dignity: Choosing the End of Life Thesis: Is the fear of living an incomplete and possibly painful life a reason to bring your life to an end? Does this fear give us the authority to be masters of our own fate and end our own life before we and the ones we love suffer? 1. The beginnings of physician assisted suicide. a. Dr Kevorkian b. The

Critical Reflection Develop Cultural Intelligence

Question: why Cultural Self-Awareness is Important to Develop Cultural Intelligence? Answer: Introduction Australia is a large nation that is made up of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. The healthcare professionals have a challenge of delivering healthcare services to all the patients irrespective of their diversities. It is necessary to serve all the people because diversity should never be used to discriminate upon people. It should be celebrated and used as a unifying factor for all the people. Healthcare equity dictates that everyone should be served no matter their differences. To accomplish this, the healthcare providers should be equipped with excellent cultural awareness and intelligence skills. The healthcare providers should take appropriate measures to deliver culturally-competent services to the patients. The purpose of this paper is to present a crucial reflection of the concept of cultural awareness and cultural intelligence. It alludes to the Hindu philosophy and customs in explaining how cultural self-awareness influences the development of cultural intelligence in health care. How and Why Cultural Self-Awareness is Important to Develop Cultural Intelligence Cultural awareness refers to the ability of an individual to know or have knowledge about the cultural values, traditions, beliefs, customs, practices, language, and religion in the society. Cultural awareness entails two things. First, it entails the knowledge of ones own culture. A culturally-conscious person knows much about the cultural values of his or her own community. It is necessary to do so because each person is affiliated to a certain cultural origin (Hunt, et al., 2015). For example, if one is affiliated to a certain religion, one will engage in the practices and traditions of that particular religion. This is why my Hindu religion has greatly influenced by worldview and beliefs towards health care. Besides, a culturally-conscious person should be aware of the cultural values of other communities. On the other hand, cultural intelligence is the ability of a person to interact and adapt to a different culture. Cultural intelligence is an essential skill that should be acquired by every person because of the diverse nature of the society. When a person is born, it becomes inevitable to live with people who hold different cultural values. However, to foster a good understanding, it is important to appreciate and tolerate all the cultural values no matter how conflicting or complicated they might be (Renzaho, et al., 2013). As an individual, I am aware of and appreciate my Hindu culture because it has defined whom I am. It is true that cultural self-awareness is important in developing cultural intelligence in the society. First and foremost, cultural awareness can enable an individual to be aware of his or her own identity. Self-awareness is a fundamental skill that should be possessed by everyone (Grant, Parry Guerin, 2013). It can enable a person to know the real identity, uniqueness, strengths, and weaknesses. It is therefore an important skill that should be acquired by all the healthcare professionals because it can prepare them to be competent in their duties (Truong, Paradies Priest, 2014). As a professional, I need to be aware of my own Hindu origin which forms the basis of my philosophy. It means a lot to me because without it, I cannot be who I am. The knowledge of my Hindu culture has enabled me to provide quality healthcare services to my patients. For example, my belief in respect and humility has enabled me to serve my patients so well. I have had to do so because it is a value that has been inculcated in me by my culture. it is what I need to do as a Hindu. Secondly, cultural self-awareness is important in developing cultural intelligence because it fosters the spirit of understanding and cohesion between people from different backgrounds. As already hinted, healthcare services are delivered in a diverse setting made up of people from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, by having a cultural awareness, an individual can manage to establish a good professional and personal working relationship with the colleagues and clients (Kirmayer, 2012). During my time as a practitioner, I have greatly benefited from this. Although I am a Hindu believer from Nepal, I have never used it as an excuse to deliver low quality health care. Instead, I have managed to use my cultural awareness skills to create a good rapport in my workplace. I have done my best to understand the diverse cultural traditions around me to become a friendly, workable and sociable professional. I have been freely interacting with everyone because of the feeling that I respect, tolerate and appreciate their cultural values (Brown, et al., 2015). For example, when arguing with my colleagues, I ensure that I relax my position so as to accommodate their opinions no matter how conflicting it might be. It has made me to be an ideal employee with whom everyone aspires to collaborate. If I did not have knowledge on the culture around me, I would not have managed to achieve this because I would always be at logger heads with everyone. Finally, cultural self-awareness can help in the development of cultural intelligence since it enhances the delivery of culturally-competent healthcare services to the people. Culture is an aspect of care that should never be ignored when serving patients. Research has proven that culture plays a significant role in determining the health status of individuals and communities (Almutairi, McCarthy Gardner, 2014). Culture is one of the reasons why there still exist disparities in healthcare services in Australia. Therefore, to resolve this problem, the healthcare providers should be able to deliver culturally-competent services to all the cultural groups in the country. In my practice, I have benefited from my cultural consciousness because it has enabled me to delivery satisfactory healthcare services to my patients. Despite my Nepalese cultural background, I have never found it challenging to serve Australian patients. I have been using my cultural knowledge to effectively communica te with the indigenous and non-indigenous patients without many constraints (Doolan, et al., 2015). The secret for my success is that I know a lot of cultural values of these people. Therefore, it has become easier for me to communicate with them, appeal to them, convince and persuade them. They view me as a professional who respects, appreciates, and accommodate their cultural views regarding healthcare and medication. Conclusion In conclusion, culture is an important aspect of healthcare that should not be overlooked during service delivery. Cultural self-awareness and intelligence are fundamental skills that should be possessed by all the healthcare providers. It can enable them to be knowledgeable and conscious professionals who deliver culturally-competent healthcare services to all the patients. My origin has never hindered me from delivering a culturally-competent care to the patients. I have been respecting and appreciating diverse cultural norms, values, traditions, and practices has enabled me to succeed in my role as a healthcare provider. I have personally managed to satisfy the needs of my patients and established a good rapport and working relationship with them. All the healthcare providers should be culturally self-conscious and intelligent. References Almutairi, A.F., McCarthy, A. Gardner, G.E. (2014). Understanding Cultural Competence in aMulticultural Nursing Workforce Registered Nurses Experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, p.1043659614523992. Brown, A., et al. (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Doolan, I., et al. (2015). A retrospective comparison study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injecting drug users and their contact with youth detention and/or prison. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Grant, J., Parry, Y., Guerin, P. (2013). An investigation of culturally competent terminology inhealthcare policy finds ambiguity and lack of definition. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 37(3), 250-256. Hunt, L., et al., (2015). Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people. Nurse education today, 35(3), pp.461-467. Kirmayer, L. (2012). Rethinking cultural competence. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(2), 149. Renzaho, A.M.N., et al., (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature. InternationalJournal for Quality in Health Care, 25(3), pp.261-269. Truong, M., Paradies, Y. Priest, N., (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC health services research, 14(1), p.1.

Symptoms Of Autism Essay Example For Students

Symptoms Of Autism Essay Autism Throughout the years the diagnosis of autism has changed dramatically. Once, it was mistakenly diagnosed as childhood schizophrenia. Now that much more extensive research has been done, researchers have found distinct characteristics that are typical of autistic individuals. It is most often characterized by difficulty in the childs ability to respond to people, events, and objects. Responses to sensations of light, sound, and feeling may be exaggerated. Delayed speech and language may be associated. Other characteristics include: impairment in ability to make peer friendships, absence of imaginative activity, stereotyped body movements, persistent preoccupation with parts of objects, marked distress over changes in trivial aspects of the environment, unreasonable insistence on following routines in precise detail, a restricted range of interests and a preoccupation with one narrow interest, along with many others. We will write a custom essay on Symptoms Of Autism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although certain characteristics are typical of autistic children, the diagnosis is a multidisciplinary effort. The diagnosis requires a team of professionals because of the many unique characteristics and behaviors of the autistic child Each professional is assigned a different behavior to monitor. However, the psychiatrist and the psychologist are mainly responsible for the diagnosis and the psychological evaluations involved. The onset of this condition is usually observed within the first two and a half years. In 1968, the APA referred to autism as a single disorder, and now it is known to be a syndrome of behavioral and medical effects. Along with autism, several related disorders are grouped under Pervasive Developmental Disorders, PDD, a general category which is characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development. The standard reference is known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM, which is now in its fourth edition. The DSM classifies t he different types of PDD which are often mistaken as autism. The other PDD are Aspergers Disorder, Retts Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, PDD-NOS, which is commonly referred to as atypical autism. The term autistic spectrum disorder is frequently used to acknowledge the diversity and severity of autism . The characteristics and symptoms of autism can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations. There is no standard type and no such thing as a typical person with autism. The most commonly used terms to describe people with autism are: autistic-like, autistic tendencies, autistic spectrum, high functioning, or low functioning, and more-abled or less-abled. Autistic disorder is also know as Infantile Autism or Kanners Syndrome. Most children with this condition exhibit poor social skills, and impaired cognitive functioning and language. What is it that causes this national crisis, affecting over 400,000 families, and costing the nation over 13 billion dollars. Autism is the third most common developmental disorder, more common than Down Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or cystic fibrosis, and autism research still receives less than 5% of the funding of the other diseases. With the lack of funding, researchers from all over the world are spending a considerable amount of time and energy trying to find answers. A single specific cause of autism is still not known. The most current research links autism to neurological or biological differences in the brain, and in many families a pattern of autism or autism related disabilities appears. This could suggest that autism has a genetic basis, although no specific gene has been directly linked to autism. Researchers believe that a genetic basis would be highly complex, involving a combination of several genes. Direct causes have not been discovered, but several theories has been proven false. Autism is not a mental disorder, children with autism are not unruly kids who choose not to behave. Autism is not caused by bad parenting, and no known psychological factors in child development have been proven to cause autism. Children with autism begin to show signs of this disease at around the age of two. This is when parents may notice delays in language, play, or social interaction. One of the many problems autistic children have is with social detachment and unresponsiveness. Autistic babies do not smile at there parents or reach out to be cuddled or picked up. They often do not play with other children, appearing to be in there their own world, unaware of people or events around them. Many children