The Case Of Withdrawal Of Life Sustaining Medical...

1. ISSUES: Is it legal or/and ethical to withdraw life-sustaining medical treatments from terminally ill adult patient? Yes, the right of an adult patient in receiving or not receiving medical treatment under the legal and ethical standards requires the patient to provide informed consent. If the patient cannot provide informed consent, a legally authorized surrogate can make decision. The same legal and ethical standards apply for the terminally ill adult patient in the case of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. In other ways, medical ethics does not involve the life of patient to be preserved in all circumstances at all costs. 2. DISCUSSIONS Almost all states have statutes supporting the right of adult patients to refuse care and to provide directives about end-of-life care when patient unable to make decisions. The United States Supreme Court also has recognized that the constitution gives competent adults can refuse unwanted medical treatment (Koppel Sullivan, 2011). Uniform Right of the Terminally Ill Act of 1989 enacted the permission of an individual to execute a declaration that guides a healthcare provider (physician) to withdraw life-sustaining treatment when a patient is in terminally ill condition and unable to make decisions Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is not applicable without the approval of patient or surrogates. (Houghton Lombard, 1990). â€Å"Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 was enacted to ensure that patients are informed of theirShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Washington And The United States1068 Words   |  5 Pagesin this case along with the Attorney General. The Respondents are Wa shington medical physicians. The physicians in this case periodically treated patients that were terminally ill. The physicians claimed that they would provide assistance for the patients in ending their lives if it were not for Washington State’s ban on assisted suicides, Wash. Rev. Code  § 9A.26.060(1). The Respondents believed that Washington’s ban was unconstitutional. In 1993, the Respondent, three terminally ill patientsRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Carried Out On Sick Patients3828 Words   |  16 Pages Introduction The debate, on whether euthanasia should be carried out on sick patients in hospitals, and wether life supporting equipments should be withdrawn for such patients has continued to elicit debate. There are those who believe that all measures should be taken to ensure patients have been alleviated from pain. Proponents of euthanasia argue that patients in pain should not be left to continue suffering, and that doctors have a role to ensure they do everything possible to terminate theRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide: Is It Morally Permissible?1780 Words   |  8 Pagespermissible because a competent patient ultimately has the right to choose for themselves the course of their life, including how it will end. To lie in a hospital bed in a vegetative state, unable to see, think, speak, eat, being totally unaware of your surroundings or those of your loved ones nearby speaks loudly of the pain and suffering at all levels for a terminally ill patient. Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is ethically justifiable in certain cases, most often those cases involving unrelenting sufferingRead MorePhysician Assisted Death Should Be Legal1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto legalize PAD. Terminally ill patients, in consultation with their families, should have control over end of life medical decisions which is why Physician-Assisted Death should be legal. There are multiple ways to define Physician Assisted Death and a variety of terms that revolve around it. â€Å"The intentional termination of a life, which may be active (resulting from specific actions causing death) or passive (resulting from the refusal or withdrawal of life sustaining treatment) and voluntary (withRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? Another reason is that if you have a chronic illness, no means to a cure, and no medical help, what do you do? I believe if youRead MoreThe Nurse And The Physician1575 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of cons idering and selecting approaches to resolve ethical issues, when giving information about a â€Å"Do not resuscitate (DNR)† form to the husband of the patient in ICU (Zerwekh, 2013, p. 420). When the physician showed the husband the DNR form, it stated that the physician pointed out what they could do for the patient. In this case, it is perceived that the physician highlighted the parts of the DNR form that would coerce the husband into signing the form, while leaving out what the hospitalRead MoreEssay Physician-Assisted Suicide and Free Will2459 Words   |  10 Pagesoften support by the affirmation of patient free will or as the exercise of patient autonomy. The purpose of this paper is to examine this argument further from an inter-disciplinary approach, regarding PAS from medical, ethical and legal standpoints and to examine the concept of free will from the philosophical discipline. Are these concepts compatible in a meaningful context and can a sound argument be constructed to support PAS on the basis of patient free will? Derek Humphry, in LawfulRead More Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right To Choose Essay2607 Words   |  11 PagesShould it be the right of terminally ill patients to decide if they want to seek out physician assisted suicide to end their intolerable pain, or should it be up to the courts? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physician-assisted suicide occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s death by providing the necessary means and/or information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act (AMA).Each and every human being knows that there will come a time when his or her life will come to an end. WhenRead MoreLong Term Care-Hospice2974 Words   |  12 PagesCare -Hospice Hospice is a process to end-of-life care and a kind of support facility for terminally ill patients. It provides comforting care, patient-centered care and related services. Comforting care relieves discomfort without improving the patient’s condition or curing his illness. Hospice is extended in a healthcare facility or at home. Its objective is to provide compassionate, emotional, and spiritual care for the dying patient. The origin of the word â€Å"hospice† in medievalRead MoreDeath with Dignity Essay4339 Words   |  18 PagesASSIGNMENT FOR eTHICS IN HEALTHCARE | Death with Dignity | Choosing the End of Life | | Tamara Crosby | 9/4/2012 | Death with Dignity: Choosing the End of Life Thesis: Is the fear of living an incomplete and possibly painful life a reason to bring your life to an end? Does this fear give us the authority to be masters of our own fate and end our own life before we and the ones we love suffer? 1. The beginnings of physician assisted suicide. a. Dr Kevorkian b. The

Critical Reflection Develop Cultural Intelligence

Question: why Cultural Self-Awareness is Important to Develop Cultural Intelligence? Answer: Introduction Australia is a large nation that is made up of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. The healthcare professionals have a challenge of delivering healthcare services to all the patients irrespective of their diversities. It is necessary to serve all the people because diversity should never be used to discriminate upon people. It should be celebrated and used as a unifying factor for all the people. Healthcare equity dictates that everyone should be served no matter their differences. To accomplish this, the healthcare providers should be equipped with excellent cultural awareness and intelligence skills. The healthcare providers should take appropriate measures to deliver culturally-competent services to the patients. The purpose of this paper is to present a crucial reflection of the concept of cultural awareness and cultural intelligence. It alludes to the Hindu philosophy and customs in explaining how cultural self-awareness influences the development of cultural intelligence in health care. How and Why Cultural Self-Awareness is Important to Develop Cultural Intelligence Cultural awareness refers to the ability of an individual to know or have knowledge about the cultural values, traditions, beliefs, customs, practices, language, and religion in the society. Cultural awareness entails two things. First, it entails the knowledge of ones own culture. A culturally-conscious person knows much about the cultural values of his or her own community. It is necessary to do so because each person is affiliated to a certain cultural origin (Hunt, et al., 2015). For example, if one is affiliated to a certain religion, one will engage in the practices and traditions of that particular religion. This is why my Hindu religion has greatly influenced by worldview and beliefs towards health care. Besides, a culturally-conscious person should be aware of the cultural values of other communities. On the other hand, cultural intelligence is the ability of a person to interact and adapt to a different culture. Cultural intelligence is an essential skill that should be acquired by every person because of the diverse nature of the society. When a person is born, it becomes inevitable to live with people who hold different cultural values. However, to foster a good understanding, it is important to appreciate and tolerate all the cultural values no matter how conflicting or complicated they might be (Renzaho, et al., 2013). As an individual, I am aware of and appreciate my Hindu culture because it has defined whom I am. It is true that cultural self-awareness is important in developing cultural intelligence in the society. First and foremost, cultural awareness can enable an individual to be aware of his or her own identity. Self-awareness is a fundamental skill that should be possessed by everyone (Grant, Parry Guerin, 2013). It can enable a person to know the real identity, uniqueness, strengths, and weaknesses. It is therefore an important skill that should be acquired by all the healthcare professionals because it can prepare them to be competent in their duties (Truong, Paradies Priest, 2014). As a professional, I need to be aware of my own Hindu origin which forms the basis of my philosophy. It means a lot to me because without it, I cannot be who I am. The knowledge of my Hindu culture has enabled me to provide quality healthcare services to my patients. For example, my belief in respect and humility has enabled me to serve my patients so well. I have had to do so because it is a value that has been inculcated in me by my culture. it is what I need to do as a Hindu. Secondly, cultural self-awareness is important in developing cultural intelligence because it fosters the spirit of understanding and cohesion between people from different backgrounds. As already hinted, healthcare services are delivered in a diverse setting made up of people from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, by having a cultural awareness, an individual can manage to establish a good professional and personal working relationship with the colleagues and clients (Kirmayer, 2012). During my time as a practitioner, I have greatly benefited from this. Although I am a Hindu believer from Nepal, I have never used it as an excuse to deliver low quality health care. Instead, I have managed to use my cultural awareness skills to create a good rapport in my workplace. I have done my best to understand the diverse cultural traditions around me to become a friendly, workable and sociable professional. I have been freely interacting with everyone because of the feeling that I respect, tolerate and appreciate their cultural values (Brown, et al., 2015). For example, when arguing with my colleagues, I ensure that I relax my position so as to accommodate their opinions no matter how conflicting it might be. It has made me to be an ideal employee with whom everyone aspires to collaborate. If I did not have knowledge on the culture around me, I would not have managed to achieve this because I would always be at logger heads with everyone. Finally, cultural self-awareness can help in the development of cultural intelligence since it enhances the delivery of culturally-competent healthcare services to the people. Culture is an aspect of care that should never be ignored when serving patients. Research has proven that culture plays a significant role in determining the health status of individuals and communities (Almutairi, McCarthy Gardner, 2014). Culture is one of the reasons why there still exist disparities in healthcare services in Australia. Therefore, to resolve this problem, the healthcare providers should be able to deliver culturally-competent services to all the cultural groups in the country. In my practice, I have benefited from my cultural consciousness because it has enabled me to delivery satisfactory healthcare services to my patients. Despite my Nepalese cultural background, I have never found it challenging to serve Australian patients. I have been using my cultural knowledge to effectively communica te with the indigenous and non-indigenous patients without many constraints (Doolan, et al., 2015). The secret for my success is that I know a lot of cultural values of these people. Therefore, it has become easier for me to communicate with them, appeal to them, convince and persuade them. They view me as a professional who respects, appreciates, and accommodate their cultural views regarding healthcare and medication. Conclusion In conclusion, culture is an important aspect of healthcare that should not be overlooked during service delivery. Cultural self-awareness and intelligence are fundamental skills that should be possessed by all the healthcare providers. It can enable them to be knowledgeable and conscious professionals who deliver culturally-competent healthcare services to all the patients. My origin has never hindered me from delivering a culturally-competent care to the patients. I have been respecting and appreciating diverse cultural norms, values, traditions, and practices has enabled me to succeed in my role as a healthcare provider. I have personally managed to satisfy the needs of my patients and established a good rapport and working relationship with them. All the healthcare providers should be culturally self-conscious and intelligent. References Almutairi, A.F., McCarthy, A. Gardner, G.E. (2014). Understanding Cultural Competence in aMulticultural Nursing Workforce Registered Nurses Experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, p.1043659614523992. Brown, A., et al. (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Doolan, I., et al. (2015). A retrospective comparison study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injecting drug users and their contact with youth detention and/or prison. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Grant, J., Parry, Y., Guerin, P. (2013). An investigation of culturally competent terminology inhealthcare policy finds ambiguity and lack of definition. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 37(3), 250-256. Hunt, L., et al., (2015). Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people. Nurse education today, 35(3), pp.461-467. Kirmayer, L. (2012). Rethinking cultural competence. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(2), 149. Renzaho, A.M.N., et al., (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature. InternationalJournal for Quality in Health Care, 25(3), pp.261-269. Truong, M., Paradies, Y. Priest, N., (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC health services research, 14(1), p.1.

Symptoms Of Autism Essay Example For Students

Symptoms Of Autism Essay Autism Throughout the years the diagnosis of autism has changed dramatically. Once, it was mistakenly diagnosed as childhood schizophrenia. Now that much more extensive research has been done, researchers have found distinct characteristics that are typical of autistic individuals. It is most often characterized by difficulty in the childs ability to respond to people, events, and objects. Responses to sensations of light, sound, and feeling may be exaggerated. Delayed speech and language may be associated. Other characteristics include: impairment in ability to make peer friendships, absence of imaginative activity, stereotyped body movements, persistent preoccupation with parts of objects, marked distress over changes in trivial aspects of the environment, unreasonable insistence on following routines in precise detail, a restricted range of interests and a preoccupation with one narrow interest, along with many others. We will write a custom essay on Symptoms Of Autism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although certain characteristics are typical of autistic children, the diagnosis is a multidisciplinary effort. The diagnosis requires a team of professionals because of the many unique characteristics and behaviors of the autistic child Each professional is assigned a different behavior to monitor. However, the psychiatrist and the psychologist are mainly responsible for the diagnosis and the psychological evaluations involved. The onset of this condition is usually observed within the first two and a half years. In 1968, the APA referred to autism as a single disorder, and now it is known to be a syndrome of behavioral and medical effects. Along with autism, several related disorders are grouped under Pervasive Developmental Disorders, PDD, a general category which is characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development. The standard reference is known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM, which is now in its fourth edition. The DSM classifies t he different types of PDD which are often mistaken as autism. The other PDD are Aspergers Disorder, Retts Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, PDD-NOS, which is commonly referred to as atypical autism. The term autistic spectrum disorder is frequently used to acknowledge the diversity and severity of autism . The characteristics and symptoms of autism can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations. There is no standard type and no such thing as a typical person with autism. The most commonly used terms to describe people with autism are: autistic-like, autistic tendencies, autistic spectrum, high functioning, or low functioning, and more-abled or less-abled. Autistic disorder is also know as Infantile Autism or Kanners Syndrome. Most children with this condition exhibit poor social skills, and impaired cognitive functioning and language. What is it that causes this national crisis, affecting over 400,000 families, and costing the nation over 13 billion dollars. Autism is the third most common developmental disorder, more common than Down Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or cystic fibrosis, and autism research still receives less than 5% of the funding of the other diseases. With the lack of funding, researchers from all over the world are spending a considerable amount of time and energy trying to find answers. A single specific cause of autism is still not known. The most current research links autism to neurological or biological differences in the brain, and in many families a pattern of autism or autism related disabilities appears. This could suggest that autism has a genetic basis, although no specific gene has been directly linked to autism. Researchers believe that a genetic basis would be highly complex, involving a combination of several genes. Direct causes have not been discovered, but several theories has been proven false. Autism is not a mental disorder, children with autism are not unruly kids who choose not to behave. Autism is not caused by bad parenting, and no known psychological factors in child development have been proven to cause autism. Children with autism begin to show signs of this disease at around the age of two. This is when parents may notice delays in language, play, or social interaction. One of the many problems autistic children have is with social detachment and unresponsiveness. Autistic babies do not smile at there parents or reach out to be cuddled or picked up. They often do not play with other children, appearing to be in there their own world, unaware of people or events around them. Many children

Down Falls of Spartans essays

Down Falls of Spartans essays The Spartan society, although very strong militaristically, had many down falls also. They had different ways of going about there daily routine. In Spartan society nothing belonged to you, any adult could reprimand your child, also they were to focused on the army. I am glad I do not live in a Spartan Society. In a Spartan Society everything was everyones. Anyone could just borrow other peoples belongings such as slaves or tools. I know personally I do not like people coming and borrowing anything they want whenever they want. I realize their intent was to better the society, but I also think people need to be individuals sometimes and have there personal things. I think people should have the right to have their own property and do with it what they please. I feel the most strongly about this aspect of Spartan society. I am against the community punishing everyones child. I believe that your child is your responsibility to mold into what you want them to become. I would never let someone else spank, or scold my child if they had done something wrong. There has to be a bond between you and your child and that can not be messed with from other people in the community. These days we have laws that prevent other people from touching our children. I am also not fond of how the young boys and there mentors would bond. I think it is disgusting how they would have homosexual times with the young kids. Even if your good friends with the kid, I do not think it is helping anyone in the community to do this. If you want to come close to each other then go out and play a game or eat together. There is no need for homosexual tendencies. Sparta was mainly focused on the army; they ate well, worked out, and had bonds with one another. They did not take much time to develop the other parts of society, such as art, or music, or dance. Everything seemed t ...

Abu Sayyaf Terrorist Group

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MGT WK5 GROUP ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT WK5 GROUP ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Visionary and proactive. Empathy. Integrity. Risk taking. Creativity Goal oriented. Similarly, the above characteristics will facilitate heir ability to maintain personal relationship with employees and delegation of responsibilities therefore building ateam.Agood leader should be goal oriented and should be at apposition to exhibit emotional maturity meaning emotional intelligence. The most common control mechanism is employee incentive and remuneration. It is found to be common since it s applied by most business organizations. Employee incentive entails; respect, recognition, responsibility, empowerment, social needs and salaries and remuneration (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Leading is a function of management which requires a leader to encourage employees to be highly productive and innovative. In its relation to control management, it affects the leading function of management in that it allows management to encourage employees to share their values and beliefs of the business. Lead ing works hand in hand with employee incentives in many ways and even by recognizing motivation theory and management which includes; basic needs, social needs, safety and security, esteem needs and finally self actualization. Control recognizes the fact that employees should be rewarded for their hard work and efforts (Bateman & Snell, 2009). ... els of absenteeism (d) Increased job satisfaction (e) Create confidence among employees (f) Reduces human resources costs and production costs (g) Reduces complains and grievances In relation to basic needs, effective control provides employees with reasonable pay so that they can afford some basic needs. The manager can also provide lunch if possible to employees. It ensures of employees job security and offers management to increase productivity, encourage innovation, values and beliefs of company. When utilized properly by companies as in our case, B Company, the employee incentives are found to be positive control mechanism. According to Bateman &Snell (2009), incentive programs are used to control productivity of employees through encouragement and rewards. In the case study of B&BCompany, it offers several rewards to its employees including health insurance, vacations, wellness programs and retirement benefits. It also provides stress management and opportunities for further tr aining and education. These incentives provide satisfaction while allowing management to apply control over human capital. B&B Company as any other organization recognizes its employees as one it’s major assets. Therefore they are safeguarded as well. On the other hand policies re installed by the management of this company to ensure that employees are protected rumors or informal communication which might be misleading. Room for informal groupings is also allowed in this company. Effective control recognizes efforts of employees, providing employees with titles and promoting the accordingly. It also provides for achievement of plans and should ensure that employees’ ego aren’t damaged. Control mechanism should provide for opportunities for self development. That is allowing employees

Anthropology of Marxists, Marxians, and Marxish Essay

Anthropology of Marxists, Marxians, and Marxish - Essay Example The Hegelian system formulated the idea of self-consciousness that derived secular terms such as ‘the man’. This term created religious conceptions that characterized what would be a moral man whose basis drew from moral, political, theological among a list of other traits. In this text, Rosas as Marxian criticizes the way in which people along the Mexican border cannot be free to roam around their nation because of the intensified border patrols mounted by the USA in this territory. Essentially, when Rosas speaks to some Mexicans they tell him that they are only free when they live in the sewer lines that connect the USA and Mexico, which is basically an effect of capitalism. In most cases, those that seek to go to the USA to seek better opportunities opt to use the sewer line that connects the states of Sonora and Arizona, for the fear of being subjected to humiliating checks at the border (Rosas 2). Most of them attract the stereotype that they could be drug peddlers, which most might not be the case hence making it hard for them to access or receive US citizenship, which is a social conflict that Rosas seeks to address. Here, Foucault argues that subjects that fell under an individual in power had no option but to put their lives at risk for this person because what mattered was him to maintain his authority without caring about what would happen to them. Foucault criticizes ‘the right under the power of life and death’ because this meant those in power had the authority to take life as well as this was the law. The argument embedded here is that the western powers have borrowed from this archaic law that was applicable especially in Rome by introducing ‘deduction’, which encompasses incitement, bossing around, control and optimization among a list of other traits as elements of being in power (Foucault Michel 79).